Everything about Patriarch Anatolius totally explained
Saint
Anatolius was
Patriarch of Constantinople (
449 -
458). He became Patriarch through the influence of
Pope Dioscorus I of Alexandria with emperor
Theodosius II, after the deposition of
Flavian by the
Second Council of Ephesus, having previously been the
apocrisiarius or representative of Dioscorus with the emperor at
Constantinople.
After his consecration, being under suspicion of
Eutychianism (Leo, Epp. ad. Theod. 33 ad Pulch. 35), he publicly condemned the teachings not only of Eutyches, but also of
Nestorius, subscribing to the letters of
Cyril against Nestorius and of
Pope Leo I against Eutyches (Leo, Epp. 40, 41, 48). In conjunction with Pope Leo, according to Zonaras (
Annals iii), he requested the emperor
Marcian to summon a general council against Dioscorus and the Eutychians, but the imperial letter instructing Anatolius in the preparations for the
Council of Chalcedon only mentions Leo (
Philippe Labbe,
Conc. Max. Tom. iv.). In this council Anatolius presided in conjunction with the Roman legates (Labbe, Conc. Max. iv.; Evagr. H. E. ii. 4, 18; Niceph. H. E. xv. 18). By the famous 28th canon, passed at the conclusion of the council, Constantinople was made equal in dignity with Rome (Labbe, iv. 796; Evagr. ii. 18). Hence arose the controversy between Anatolius and the Roman
pontiff. Leo complained to Marcian (Ep. 54) and to
Pulcheria (Ep. 55) that Anatolius had outstepped his jurisdiction by consecrating
Maximinus II as
Patriarch of Antioch, as well as protesting to Anatolius (Ep. 53).
Following the council of Chalcedon Anatolius received a letter signed by several Egyptian bishops, asking his assistance against
Timothy, who was usurping the
Patriarch of Alexandria (Labbe, Conc. Max. iv. iii. 23, p. 897), as a result Anatolius wrote to the emperor
Leo against Timothy (Labbe, iii. 26, p. 905). The circular of the emperor requesting the advice of Anatolius on the turbulent state of
Alexandria is given by
Evagrius (H. E. ii. 9), and by
Nicephorus (H. E. xv. 18).
Edward Gibbon states that the crowning of Leo on his accession by Anatolius is the first instance of the kind on record (
Theophanes,
Chronicle p. 95). The followers of Dioscorus are said to have killed him in 458.
He was credited for putting forward a Greek system of
hymn.
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